Authentication: Verifying the identity of users or systems. Authorization: Granting appropriate access rights to authenticated users. ...

Encryption: Converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access. Decryption: Reverting encrypted data back to its original form. ...

Protective barrier between a private internal network and untrusted external networks, controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic....

Securing networks and their infrastructure from unauthorized access or attacks....

Protecting individual devices (endpoints) from malicious activity, often using antivirus software, firewalls, and other security measures....

Monitoring and analyzing network or system events to detect and prevent security threats....

Identifying and assessing weaknesses in systems or applications to proactively address security flaws....